Showing 61–80 of 145
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Life cycle stages of monolayer PEF bottles (PNG)
Sustainability & Health, Technology
1 Page
110 Downloads110 Downloads
2022-08
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DownloadsThis figure shows the relevant life cycle stages of monolayer PEF bottles from cradle-to-grave: from the biomass cultivation (wheat for fructose and sugarcane for bio-MEG feedstocks supply) to the production of PEF-based bottles including their end-of-life options (recycling and incineration).
It is foreseen that the commercialisation of PEF-based products will initially take place in the Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany. In these countries, the rates for average PET bottle waste collection and recycling are relatively high and landfilling is no longer practiced in these countries. -
Environmental impacts of 250 ml monolayer and PET/PEF multilayer bottles vs. their fossil counterparts (PNG)
Sustainability & Health, Technology
1 Page
122 Downloads122 Downloads
2022-08
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DownloadsThis figure shows the climate change and resource use impact of PEF bottles versus PET bottles. nova-Institute’s peer-reviewed LCA evaluated 16 different impact categories covering all relevant life cycle stages from cradle-to-grave. The comparative analysis showed that PEF bottles would result in significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions (-33%) compared to reference PET bottles. PEF would also lead to 45 % lower finite resource consumption of fossil fuels and reduce the pressure on abiotic resources (minerals and metals) by 47% due to the mechanical properties of PEF enabling light-weighting.
However, PET bottles would outperform PEF-bottles in other impact categories mostly arising from the current feedstock supply. Overall, this represents a benefit because climate change and resource use are among the most relevant environmental impact categories in the current political agenda as they are driving the transition from fossil to renewable carbon. Included in the nova-Institute’s LCA were next to 100% PEF bottles also 250 ml PET/PEF multilayer bottles with 10% of PEF compared to reference PET/PA bottles with a typical 7% of PA. The analysis of the multilayer bottles showed that significant reductions of around 37% in GHG emissions could be achieved by replacing the PA layer with PEF, mainly attributed to the recyclability of the PET/PEF system over the non-recyclability of the PA containing system. This replacement would also contribute to a significant reduction of finite resources demand (36% and 52% for fossils and minerals and metals respectively).
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Identified Advanced Recycling technology providers worldwide and maximum capacity (PNG)
Technology
1 Page
293 Downloads293 Downloads
2022-06
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DownloadsOverview about identified advanced recycling technology providers (blue bars) and maximum capacity (orange lines) depending on the technology.
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724 Downloads
2022-06
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DownloadsLife of a polymer from the production to its disposal (e.g. landfill) indicated with black arrows including various recycling and recovery routes indicated in different coloured arrows.
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CCU-based Resource Supply for the Chemical Industry (PNG)
Sustainability & Health, Technology
1 Page
214 Downloads214 Downloads
2022-05
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214
DownloadsIt is a plausible scenario to assign methanol (CH₃OH) a central role in supplying the chemical industry of the future. Already today, methanol plays an important role in the chemical industry, being one of the most established commodities.
CCU-based process route for production of methanol includes production of hydrogen via electrolysis, CO₂ capture from the atmosphere or from industrial point sources, and the hydrogenation reaction. Electricity demand for these processes is represented by red arrows. Above the arrow, the specific energy demand is stated, below, the contribution of the process to the total electricity demand of 1 t of methanol is stated. Purification and compression of hydrogen are neglected. For CO₂ hydrogenation, a complete reaction is assumed.
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CO₂ Emissions From Embedded Carbon in Chemicals (PNG)
Sustainability & Health, Technology
1 Page
248 Downloads248 Downloads
2022-05
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248
DownloadsWhen fossil feedstock is used, the fossil-based embedded carbon contained in chemicals and materials is emitted to the atmosphere at their end of life, assuming complete oxidation (e.g. through combustion or (bio)degradation).
When using CCU-based feedstock to replace the fossil feedstock, at the end of life, no additional carbon (or CO2, respectively) is emitted to the air because it was captured from the air (or from point sources) before through carbon capture. Only the electricity demand for CCU-based feedstock production causes CO2 emissions.
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Emission Reduction Potential for Replacing Fossil Feedstock with CCU-based Methanol (PNG)
Sustainability & Health, Technology
1 Page
179 Downloads179 Downloads
2022-05
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179
DownloadsAt end of life, carbon embedded in chemicals and derived materials is released to the atmosphere as CO₂. In the case of fossil-based feedstock, this contributes to global warming. For CCU-based feedstock this is not the case, since all carbon embedded in these products was captured from the air (or from point sources) before through carbon capture. In a simplified model, additional emissions only electricity production for causes emissions for CCU-based feedstock production. Only the use of renewable energy can save emissions.
The GHG emissions of CCU-based methanol could be 67 to 77 % lower compared to emissions from releasing embedded carbon of fossil fuels, when using current energy supply based on photovoltaics. With improvements in renewable energy production, the reduction could increase to levels between 96 and 100 %. -
The Climate Change Mitigation Star: A Sixfold Challenge (PNG)
Policy, Sustainability & Health
1 Page
161 Downloads161 Downloads
2022-02
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161
DownloadsWhy it is right to choose renewable carbon as a guiding principle for sustainable development in the chemicals and materials sectors.
The Renewable Carbon Initiative (RCI) publishes this fundamental strategy paper on the defossilisation of the chemical and material industry with eleven policy recommendations. The Renewable Carbon Initiative is an interest group of more than 30 well-known companies from the wide field of the chemical and material value chains. (www.renewable-carbon-initiative.com)Read more here: https://renewable-carbon-initiative.com/media/press/?id=315
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nova Price Indices for Fossil Resources, Metals and Biomass (February 2022) (PNG)
Markets & Economy
1 Page
406 Downloads406 Downloads
2022-02
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406
DownloadsSummarised in three price index curves, this chart shows the price development of fossil, biogenic and metallic raw materials since 1980.
More information available at:
https://renewable-carbon.eu/news/higher-price-increases-for-fossils-nova-price-indices-for-fossil-resources-metals-and-biomass-1980-2021 -
Biodegradable Polymers in Various Environments According to Established Standards and Certification Schemes – Graphic (PNG)
Sustainability & Health, Technology
1 Page
1651 Downloads1651 Downloads
2021-11
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DownloadsNew updated version of the poster on Biodegradable Polymers in Various Environments According to Established Standards and Certification Schemes
The popular poster has been once again updated this autumn to depict to most up-to-date status of commercially available polymers which actually biodegrade in accordance with established standards and certification schemes. An additional partner rounds up this team of leading experts in the area of biodegradable polymers.
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Biodegradable Polymers in Various Environments According to Established Standards and Certification Schemes – Graphic (PDF)
Sustainability & Health, Technology
1 Page
2901 Downloads2901 Downloads
2021-11
FREE
2901
DownloadsNew updated version of the poster on Biodegradable Polymers in Various Environments According to Established Standards and Certification Schemes
The popular poster has been once again updated this autumn to depict to most up-to-date status of commercially available polymers which actually biodegrade in accordance with established standards and certification schemes. An additional partner rounds up this team of leading experts in the area of biodegradable polymers.
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Bioökonomie-Potenziale im Rheinischen Revier – Industriebeschäftige nach Sektor (JPG)
Markets & Economy, Technology
1 Page
44 Downloads44 Downloads
2021-11
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44
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Bioökonomie-Potenziale im Rheinischen Revier – Industrie und Verwertung (JPG)
Markets & Economy, Technology
1 Page
29 Downloads29 Downloads
2021-11
FREE
29
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Bioökonomie-Potenziale im Rheinischen Revier – Relevanteste Industriesektoren (JPG)
Markets & Economy, Technology
1 Page
26 Downloads26 Downloads
2021-11
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26
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269 Downloads
2021-10
FREE
269
Downloads -
Scenario for the Plastic Industry 2050 (PNG)
Markets & Economy, Policy, Sustainability & Health, Technology
1 Page
1352 Downloads1352 Downloads
2021-10
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1352
DownloadsThe plastics industry of the future will be decoupled from petrochemicals and will meet its carbon needs primarily from recycling. This alone will not close the renewable carbon cycle. The unavoidable losses will then be closed by bio- and CO2-based polymers.
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Global Carbon Demand for Chemicals and Derived Materials (PNG)
Markets & Economy, Policy, Sustainability & Health, Technology
1 Page
1194 Downloads1194 Downloads
2021-10
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1194
DownloadsGlobal Carbon Demand for Chemicals and Derived Materials in 2020 and Scenario for 2050 in million of embedded carbon.
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Comprehensive Concept of a Circular Economy (PNG)
Policy, Sustainability & Health
1 Page
869 Downloads869 Downloads
2021-08
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869
DownloadsThe graphic shows the value chain from the carbon-containing raw material to the end of the product’s life and all the possible paths to drive all the material flows that arise in the process in a circle. The waste hierarchy also becomes clear.
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491 Downloads
2021-06
FREE
491
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Global Carbon Demand for Chemicals and Materials by Sectors (PDF)
Sustainability & Health
1 Page
485 Downloads485 Downloads
2021-06
FREE
485
DownloadsThis figure shows the global carbon demand for chemicals and materials by sector. It shows how the chemical sector and its derived materials such as plastics, rubber or synthetic fibres account for over 50% of the world’s embedded carbon. Of this, most of the carbon comes from fossil resources. However, the graph shows that the largest share of embedded carbon in materials comes from biogenic sources at around 50 %.
This is mainly found in fully bio-based sectors such as wood in construction and furniture, pulp and paper, and natural fibres.