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    licence    Newmapping of global advanced plastic recycling capacities (pdf)

    Mapping of Global Advanced Plastic Recycling Capacities (PDF)

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    Markets & Economy, Policy, Technology

    35 Pages

    2025-11

    Price range: 500 € through 1,000 € ex. tax

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    Chemical and physical recycling are essential to keeping carbon in the loop and fully establishing a circular economy. Despite delays in policy regulations and investment, experts foresee a bright future for new capacity, both globally and in Europe.

    The development of advanced recycling technologies is very dynamic and at a fast pace, with new players constantly appearing on the market, from start-ups to chemistry giants and everything in between. New plants are being built, and new capacities are being achieved. Due to these dynamic developments, it is difficult to keep track of everything. The nova report “Mapping of global advanced plastic recycling capacities” aims to clear up this jungle of information. A comprehensive evaluation of the global input and output capacities was carried out for which 390 planned as well as installed and operating plants including their specific product yields were mapped to provide an overview about global advanced recycling capacities in the past, present, and future.

    Further information: The new report represents a short study updating the current and future Advanced Recycling input- and output-capacities for the year 2024-2031. The report does not include any technology- or company-profiles which are published in another study (https://doi.org/10.52548/WQHT8696).

    DOI No.: https://doi.org/10.52548/YKWB6074

  • Newincreased methane emissions in crude oil and natural gas supply: implications for the carbon footprint of petrochemicals – an rci report (pdf)

    Increased Methane Emissions in Crude Oil and Natural Gas Supply: Implications for the Carbon Footprint of Petrochemicals – An RCI report (PDF)

    Sustainability & Health

    39 Pages
    322 Downloads

    2025-10

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    This scientific background report by RCI shows that recent updates to leading LCI databases (ecoinvent 3.9–3.11) reveal a major underestimation of methane emissions from oil and gas supply chains. Enhanced satellite data on flaring, venting, and leaks highlight large inconsistencies compared to sources such as IEA, IOGP, and the World Bank. For instance, IEA now reports oil-related methane emissions up to 15 times higher than IOGP, with extreme differences for Russia (10-fold) and Saudi Arabia (40-fold). These revisions sharply increase the carbon footprint of fossil feedstocks, with naphtha nearly tenfold higher and significant rises for ethylene, propylene, and ethylene glycol. As a consequence, plastics such as PE, PP, and PET show 20–30% higher footprints. By contrast, renewable carbon alternatives gain ground: bio-based plastics now appear 12–27% more climate-friendly, with even greater advantages when biogenic carbon uptake is included.

    The RCI report urges policymakers to rapidly integrate methane regulation and updated LCI data into climate strategies. Key recommendations include regular database updates, expanded emissions tracking, harmonized reporting, and stronger support for renewable carbon solutions.

     

     

  • benefits of using first generation biomass for food, fuels, chemicals and derived materials in europe (pdf)

    Benefits of Using First-Generation Biomass for Food, Fuels, Chemicals and Derived Materials in Europe (PDF)

    Policy, Sustainability & Health

    16 Pages
    695 Downloads

    2025-09

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    Key messages – Benefits of using first-generation biomass for food, fuels, chemicals and derived materials

    First-generation biomass in non-food applications increases food security.
    Using first-generation biomass for non-food applications strengthens food security by increasing overall availability of feedstock and market stability. At the same time, it also delivers valuable protein-rich by-products addressing the most critical needs for human and animal nutrition. The ability to shift crops between the food, feed, and industrial markets enables the EU and market players to respond swiftly to changes in demand and mitigate the risks associated with supply chain disruptions. Most importantly, using first-generation biomass for non-food applications offers a fast and economical way to set up and ensure an emergency food reserve.

    • First-generation biomass in non-food applications enhances a resilient and competitive EU agriculture
    • First-generation biomass in non-food applications supports climate change mitigation
    • First-generation biomass in non-food applications supports biodiversity protection
    • High-tech agriculture further enhances the benefits of first-generation biomass.

    DOI No.: https://doi.org/10.52548/GCJC4981

  • pef – a circular bio based plastic with improved properties and environmental performance (pdf)

    PEF – A Circular Bio-Based Plastic with Improved Properties and Environmental Performance (PDF)

    Sustainability & Health, Technology

    19 Pages
    180 Downloads

    2025-09

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    The chemical technology company Avantium (NL) partnered with nova-Institut GmbH under the framework of the PEFerence project, to perform a full cradle-to-grave Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for the YXY® Technology, assessing the potential environmental impacts of PEF packaging solutions in comparison to conventional PET packaging. The LCA is performed according to the ISO 14040/44 standard methodology. A critical peer review of the study, including experts of incumbent technologies, was conducted in order to verify whether the LCA met the requirements for methodology, data, interpretation, and reporting. This presentation from the 1st PEF World Congress summarises the main aspects about the environmental sustainability of PEF-based bottles.

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    licence    mainstreaming mass balance and attribution (mba) (pdf)

    Mainstreaming Mass Balance and Attribution (MBA) (PDF)

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    Markets & Economy

    22 Pages

    2025-08

    Price range: 500 € through 1,000 € ex. tax

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    A solid concept, increasing acceptance and growing demand – with more than 50 certified polymers and multiple hundred thousands of kilotonnes produced in 2024, adoption is increasing across polymers, producers and applications

    The acceptance and accessibility of mass balanced attributed (MBA) chemicals, building blocks and polymers is a major issue for the chemical and plastics sectors, as well as for brand owners. MBA products could provide more options, better availability and reduced costs for the defossilisation compared to dedicated bio-based solutions.
    However, both the MBA concept and the political regulations are crucial for scaling up, but difficult to understand. Furthermore, discussions about potentially misleading communication on the concept are confusing stakeholders. In addition, no production volumes are available.

    The new report “Mainstreaming Mass Balance and Attribution (MBA): A solid concept, increasing acceptance and growing demand – with more than 50 certified polymers and multiple hundred thousand tonnes produced in 2024, adoption is increasing across polymers, producers and applications” highlights this evolving landscape.
    The first part of the report covers terminology, the historical development, the rationale and acceptance, and the latest regulatory environment in Brussels. The second part is dedicated to the underlying data.

    It covers feedstock used for certified MBA products, as well as the most frequently produced MBA chemicals and polymers (PE is No. 1). The leading producers (BASF is No. 1) and regions are identified, with 60 % of demand from Europe, and the largest share stemming from Germany, Belgium and France.

    DOI No.: https://doi.org/10.52548/VDRG6920

  • Thumbnail - RCI's position paper: mass balance and attribution (mba) – update 2025

    RCI’s Position Paper: Mass Balance and Attribution (MBA) – Update 2025 (PDF)

    Markets & Economy, Policy

    5 Pages
    209 Downloads

    2025-08

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    This position paper highlights the importance of mass balance and attribution “MBA” as one possible way to incentivise the transformation of the chemical sector away from fossil and on towards renewable carbon.

    The term “mass balance” has become established to describe systems in which biomass, CO2 and secondary materials are used as a feedstock, but is not or not fully physically traced to the end product. Using the MBA approach makes it possible to substitute large quantities of fossil raw materials and attractive renewable content shares can be attributed to desired materials or products for which demand on the market exists. Through this, chemistry can stepwise, but continuously, increase the shares of renewable carbon

    However, the term “mass balance” is somewhat unfortunate because it is too general, and does not mention the essence of the method: the free attribution of the bio-based, CO2-based or chemically recycled share in the feedstock mix to certain selected end products. Without this attribution, a pure mass balance makes no sense, and in practice, with several hundred products and intermediate products that have been certified accordingly, attribution is frequently carried out globally. The RCI recommends to only speak of “mass balance and attribution (MBA)” as this is transparent and honest, building trust from customers, end consumers and society in general. Both, mass balance and the free attribution are based on solid and established certifications.

    Besides terminology, there is still a need for regulatory harmonisation between the schemes of the existing certification systems. MBA cannot only be applied for bio-based feedstock, but also for CO/CO2 or feedstock from chemical recycling, both will gain strongly in importance in the coming years. Every MBA scheme should cover these three renewable feedstocks: biomass, CO/CO2 and recycling.

    This 2025 update now includes a brief overview and figure of MBA as defined at EU level, via the SUPD Implementing Decision on the recycling of a single-use plastics bottle- This establishes overall regulatory support for MBA in the EU as well as an applicable methodological framework for MBA in practice.

  • the fossil fuel trap: why defossilising chemistry is essential – and feasible! (pdf)

    The fossil fuel trap: Why defossilising chemistry is essential – and feasible! (PDF)

    Markets & Economy, Policy, Technology

    8 Pages
    199 Downloads

    2025-07

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    How can we escape the fossil fuel trap, our dependence on fossil fuels and the vulnerability that comes with it? In the long term, recycling, together with biogenic carbon and CO₂, can completely replace fossil carbon from crude oil or natural gas as a raw material for plastics production. This will enable the European Union to become independent of fossil carbon imports and increase its resilience and competitiveness. To achieve this, it is crucial to shape the transition phase in a politically astute and rapid manner so that the transformation of the chemical industry in Europe is successful – after all, Europe is the birthplace of modern chemistry. This is the only way to prevent the EU from remaining stuck in a fossil fuel trap while other regions successfully transform their economies.

  • die fossile falle: warum die defossilisierung der chemie unverzichtbar – und machbar – ist! (pdf)

    Die fossile Falle: Warum die Defossilisierung der Chemie unverzichtbar – und machbar – ist! (PDF)

    Markets & Economy, Policy, Technology

    8 Pages
    54 Downloads

    2025-07

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    Wie kommen wir raus aus der fossilen Falle, aus der fossilen Abhängigkeit und Verwundbarkeit? Langfristig kann Recycling zusammen mit biogenem Kohlenstoff und CO₂ den fossilen Kohlenstoff aus Erdöl oder Erdgas als Rohstoff für die Kunststoffproduktion komplett ersetzen. So kann die Europäische Union unabhängig von fossilen Kohlenstoffimporten werden und ihre Widerstandsfähigkeit und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit steigern. Dafür ist es entscheidend, die Übergangsphase politisch klug und rasch zu

    gestalten, damit die Transformation der Chemieindustrie in Europa gelingt – schließlich ist Europa die Ursprungsregion der modernen Chemie. Nur so kann vermieden werden, dass die EU in der fossilen Sackgasse stecken bleibt, während anderen Regionen die Transformation gelingt.

  • rci’s position paper: sustainability criteria for biomass

    RCI’s Position Paper: Sustainability Criteria for Biomass (PDF)

    Policy

    8 Pages
    282 Downloads

    2025-06

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    There is an urgent need for horizontal sustainability criteria for biomass in bio-based chemicals and derived materials – in the framework of future incentives.

    The Renewable Carbon Initiative’s position paper on sustainability criteria for biomass emphasises that biomass is essential for Europe’s net-zero transition by replacing fossil resources in chemicals and materials.

    The EU must establish clear, aligned sustainability criteria for biomass use in chemicals, based on the Renewable Energy Directive (REDIII) but adapted for this sector. These criteria should address sustainable cultivation of feedstock, full life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions, and feedstock eligibility, and be linked to market incentives to ensure effectiveness.

    No caps should limit the use of primary agricultural biomass for chemicals, as it does not threaten food security and provides multiple benefits. Access to a wide range of sustainable feedstocks is crucial. Biodiversity impacts should be managed through climate-smart farming, while forest biomass criteria must focus on current sustainable practices using existing certification schemes. This approach will create a fair and dependable framework to support Europe’s sustainable bio-based economy.

  • summary of rci scientific background report "rci policy proposals for facilitating the transition to renewable carbon" (pdf)

    Summary of RCI Scientific Background Report “RCI Policy Proposals for Facilitating the Transition to Renewable Carbon” (PDF)

    Markets & Economy, Sustainability & Health

    3 Pages
    206 Downloads

    2025-06

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    How to defossilise the chemical industry – policy proposals

    This is a summary of the RCI Scientific Background Report “RCI Policy Proposals for Facilitating the Transition to Renewable Carbon” published by the Renewable Carbon Plastics | bioplastics MAGAZINE [03/25] Vol. 20.

  • summary of rci scientific background report "rci policy proposals for facilitating the transition to renewable carbon" (pdf) (copy)

    3-CO Social Innovation Brochure: Social Innovation – Solutions Contributing to Responsible Production and Consumption in the Bioeconomy and Beyond

    Sustainability & Health

    64 Pages
    220 Downloads

    2025-06

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    This brochure by the EU-funded 3-CO project includes 17 carefully sected social innovations from various countries and sectors. These aim to introduce different approaches with the potential to change society at large but also inspire replication. They further identify hurdles in realising social innovation and introduce opportunities for upscaling and transfer. Derived policy recommendations complete the publication.

     

    DOI No.: 10.5281/zenodo.15601644

  • ok renewable label (pdf)

    OK renewable Label (PDF)

    Markets & Economy, Sustainability & Health

    8 Pages
    312 Downloads

    2025-06

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    This short document explains the OK renewable label, developed by RCI, nova and TÜV Austria and launched on 1 April 2025. The OK renewable label provides a clear, trustworthy way to identify products whose carbon content is derived from non‑fossil sources.

    The Renewable Carbon Share (RCS) metric quantifies the proportion of a product’s renewable carbon that originates from the biosphere, atmosphere or technosphere but not the geosphere on a five‑tier scale from 20% to 100 %. Products earn an RCS classification based either on their actual renewable carbon content or through documented substitution of fossil‑based feedstock with renewable alternatives.

  • joint webinar hosted by bio based industries consortium (bic) and the renewable carbon initiative (rci) (february 2025) (pdf)

    Joint Webinar hosted by Bio-based Industries Consortium (BIC) and the Renewable Carbon Initiative (RCI) (May 2025) (PDF)

    Policy, Sustainability & Health

    51 Pages
    575 Downloads

    2025-05

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    The webinar was presented by Michael Carus (nova-Institute, RCI), supported by Christopher vom Berg (RCI), Dirk Carrez (BIC), and Marco Rupp (BIC). It was based on a Scientific Background Report “Is there enough biomass to defossilise the chemicals and derived materials sector by 2050?” commissioned by the Bio-based Industries Consortium (BIC) and the Renewable Carbon Initiative (RCI).

    It explored whether agricultural and woody biomass could sustainably meet 20% of the carbon demand for the chemical and derived materials sectors by 2050. Using models like CAPRI (for agriculture) and TiMBA (for forestry), the study examined different scenarios, balancing food, feed, and biofuel priorities. Results showed that with moderate technological advancements, this 20% target is achievable without compromising sustainability or biodiversity. Stronger high-tech scenarios could even provide up to 40%, though existing biofuel policies may limit this. Overall, the study concluded that biomass could play a key role in defossilising the chemical sector, given the right innovations and policy frameworks.

     

  • summary of bic/rci report food and feed supply not at risk – biomass can meet 20 % of carbon demand in the chemicals sector by 2050 without compromising food and feed supply (pdf)

    Summary of BIC/RCI Report – Food and feed supply not at risk (PDF)

    Sustainability & Health

    3 Pages
    237 Downloads

    2025-05

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    Biomass can meet 20 % of carbon demand in the chemicals sector by 2050 without compromising food and feed supply.

    This is a summary of the RCI/BIC study “Is There Enough Biomass to Defossilise the Chemicals and Derived Materials Sector by 2050?” published by the Renewable Carbon Plastics | bioplastics MAGAZINE [02/25] Vol. 20.

  • summary of bic/rci report food and feed supply not at risk – biomass can meet 20 % of carbon demand in the chemicals sector by 2050 without compromising food and feed supply (pdf) (copy)

    Summary of RCI Scientific Background Report “Evaluating LCA Approaches and Methodoloies for Renewable Carbon Sources” (PDF)

    Sustainability & Health

    3 Pages
    367 Downloads

    2025-05

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    How leading LCA standards address renewable carbon: An RCI study

    This is a summary of the RCI Scientific Background Report “Evaluating LCA Approaches and Methodologies for Renewable Carbon Sources” published by the Renewable Carbon Plastics | bioplastics MAGAZINE [02/25] Vol. 20.

  • rci webinar: lca approaches and methodologies for renewable carbon (pdf)

    RCI Webinar: LCA Approaches and Methodologies for Renewable Carbon (PDF)

    Sustainability & Health

    54 Pages
    483 Downloads

    2025-05

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    This webinar presentation is based on the key findings of the RCI Scientific Background Report “Evaluating LCA Approaches and Methodologies for Renewable Carbon Sources” and was held on 7 May 2025 by Ferdinand Kähler (nova-Institute). The session examined how major LCA and carbon footprint standards address renewable carbon sources.

    Topics covered include:

    • Comparison of ISO standards (14040, 14044, 14067), PEF, TfS, Pact Pathfinder, GHG Protocol, and EPDs
    • Areas of consistency, such as biogenic carbon and recycling approaches
    • Key divergences, including allocation methods and co-product substitution credits

    This deck is a useful reference for sustainability teams, LCA practitioners and anyone working with carbon accounting and renewable materials.

  • background document to rci/bic report „is there enough biomass to defossilise the chemicals and derived materials sector by 2050?" (pdf)

    Background Document to RCI/BIC Report „Measuring the Use of Biogenic Feedstocks in the Global and EU Chemical Industry in 2023″ (PDF)

    Markets & Economy, Policy

    16 Pages
    101 Downloads

    2025-05

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    This background document is a supplement to the main publication: “Is there Enough Biomass to Defossilise the Chemicals and Derived Materials Sector by 2050? – A Joint BIC and RCI Scientific Background Report“.

    The report provides a comprehensive assessment of biogenic feedstock usage in the global and EU chemical industries for 2023, detailing sources like starch, sugar, vegetable oils, animal fats and more.

    Globally, the chemical industry used 7.3 million tonnes of starch and 4.0 million tonnes of sugar for bioethanol-derived chemicals, while the EU used 480,000 and 150,000 tonnes respectively. Vegetable oils accounted for the highest single feedstock usage globally at 17.6 million tonnes, and 1.6 million tonnes in the EU. Other significant feedstocks include glycerol (3.4 million tonnes globally, 490,000 tonnes in the EU) and natural rubber (14 million tonnes globally, 1.1 million tonnes in the EU).

    The data aims to establish a baseline for future biomass modeling and highlights discrepancies and assumptions due to data gaps.

  • a deep dive into the agriculture sector – „is there enough biomass to defossilise the chemicals and derived materials sector by 2050?“ (pdf)

    A Deep Dive into the Agriculture sector – „Is There Enough Biomass to Defossilise the Chemicals and Derived Materials Sector by 2050?“ (PDF)

    Markets & Economy, Policy, Sustainability & Health

    41 Pages
    358 Downloads

    2025-05

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    This presentation is a supplement to the main publication: “Is there Enough Biomass to Defossilise the Chemicals and Derived Materials Sector by 2050? – A Joint BIC and RCI Scientific Background Report“ and provides deeper insights into the agriculture sector.

    The presentation analyses the potential of sustainable agricultural biomass to meet future carbon demand in the global and EU chemical industries by 2050.

    It uses the CAPRI model to simulate various land-use and technological scenarios, finding that only the Green High Tech (HT) scenarios can meet the projected biomass needs while fulfilling food, feed, and fuel demands. Key feedstocks include starch, sugar, and oil crops, with starch having the most significant expansion potential. Residues and biowaste play a limited but important role, especially when supplemented by advanced technologies and logistical improvements. External factors such as reduced meat consumption, Ukraine’s potential EU accession and innovations like agro-photovoltaics and urban farming also influence biomass availability.

  • a deep dive into the forestry sector – „is there enough biomass to defossilise the chemicals and derived materials sector by 2050?" (pdf)

    A Deep Dive into the Forestry sector – „Is There Enough Biomass to Defossilise the Chemicals and Derived Materials Sector by 2050?” (PDF)

    Markets & Economy, Policy, Sustainability & Health

    46 Pages
    351 Downloads

    2025-05

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    This presentation is a supplement to the main publication: “Is there Enough Biomass to Defossilise the Chemicals and Derived Materials Sector by 2050? – A Joint BIC and RCI Scientific Background Report“ and provides deeper insights into the forestry sector.

    The TiMBA model evaluates the global forest products market under three scenarios—Business-as-Usual (BAU), Green Low Resource Depletion (LRD), and Green High Tech (HT)—to project wood production, trade, and forest development from 2020 to 2050. Under all scenarios, global forest area increases, especially in Asia, with the LRD and HT scenarios showing stronger forest protection due to deforestation bans and improved forest management. Industrial roundwood production rises by 38% globally by 2050, with Asia leading the growth, and highest demand seen in the LRD scenario, particularly for new applications like dissolving pulp and cellulose derivatives. Despite increased production, forest stocks remain stable or improve slightly due to technological efficiency, increased recycling, and reduced raw material inputs. However, competition for wood residues among biorefineries, pellet production, and sustainable aviation fuels poses challenges to meeting future biomass demand sustainably.

  • policy proposals for facilitating the transition to renewable carbon (pdf)

    RCI Policy Proposals for Facilitating the Transition to Renewable Carbon (PDF)

    Markets & Economy, Policy, Sustainability & Health, Technology

    70 Pages
    1030 Downloads

    2025-04

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    The report outlines a strategic roadmap for transforming Europe’s chemical industry by transitioning from fossil-based to renewable carbon sources. It highlights the industry’s current crisis which is driven by global competition, high energy costs, and regulatory pressure, and stresses the urgency of reducing dependence on fossil feedstocks. The report aruges that the transition to renewable carbon is not just about environmental sustainability; it is about securing Europe’s industrial future and maintaining its global competitiveness in a rapidly changing world. By pioneering renewable carbon technologies, the EU can unlock economic benefits and unleash its innovation potential while advancing climate neutrality ambitions.

    The Renewable Carbon Initiative (RCI) proposes ten comprehensive policy measures including mandatory renewable carbon targets, adaptation of emissions trading systems, and financial support mechanisms. These proposals aim to create market demand, drive innovation and build industrial resilience. Key enablers include harmonised standards, robust certification, infrastructure development, and stakeholder engagement.

    DOI No.: https://doi.org/10.52548/DZRU4577