{"id":70703,"date":"2020-01-23T06:56:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-23T05:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rss.nova-institut.net\/public.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Ftrends%2Fbiotechnology%2Ffulltext%2FS0167-7799%2819%2930314-2%3Frss%3Dyes"},"modified":"2021-09-09T21:22:55","modified_gmt":"2021-09-09T19:22:55","slug":"synthetic-rewiring-of-plant-co2-sequestration-galvanizes-plant-biomass-production","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/synthetic-rewiring-of-plant-co2-sequestration-galvanizes-plant-biomass-production\/","title":{"rendered":"Synthetic Rewiring of Plant CO2<\/sub> Sequestration Galvanizes Plant Biomass Production"},"content":{"rendered":"

Likewise, some in vitro- and in vivo-tested carbon-concentrating cycles hold promise to increase plant biomass. We hypothesize a further increase in plant productivity if photorespiratory bypasses are integrated with carbon-concentrating cycles in plants.Bypassing Photorespiration: Glycolate Oxidation and Decarboxylation Strategies
\nC3 plants such as wheat, rice, and soybean lose 30\u201350% of their photosynthetic conversion efficiency of light into biomass due to photorespiratory metabolism with concomitant oxygenation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) by the enzyme RuBP carboxylase\u2013oxygenase (RuBisCO) [1
\n,13
\n]. In nature, the penalties of photorespiration are overcome by C4 (producing stable 4-C compounds) and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants, which fix CO2 efficiently prior to the Calvin cycle [12
\n]. Modulating photorespiration for high-yield crops has long been envisaged ([12
\n]; Table 1). Thus, Arabidopsis biomass was increased through photorespiratory bypassing in the chloroplast, implying later crop improvements [4
\n].
\nSynthetic bypasses (Figure 1A ) for alternative glycolate oxidation in tobacco (South strategy) [10
\n] and glycolate decarboxylation in rice (Shen strategy) [11
\n] have been used to enhance growth rates in crop plants. South and colleagues [10
\n] designed three different bypasses (AP1, AP2, and AP3) in tobacco. Tobacco plants with a synthetic AP3 pathway are more efficient than those with native photorespiration ([10
\n]; Figure 1A,B), relying on two different enzymes: glycolate dehydrogenase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and malate synthase from Cucurbita maxima (Figure 1B). The AP3 pathway utilizes endogenous pyruvate dehydrogenase for glycolate oxidation and release of CO2 close to the RuBisCO enzyme inside the chloroplast. The AP3 bypass is glycolate supplemented by inhibition of chloroplast glycolate export by RNAi suppression of plastidial glycolate\/glycerate transporter 1 (PLGG1). This resulted in higher photosynthetic efficiency (around 40% compared with wild type; there is no general fixed rate for all plants) [10
\n] and increased growth under field conditions (Figure 1B). However, the bypass promotes early vigor with no indication of how well it might work in mature leaves and individual variations are not yet known. Compared against the number of synthetic biology biomass augmentation studies done already in the laboratory, this study [10
\n] is nevertheless the most relevant example of synthetic biology in plants in a field study. Shen and colleagues [11
\n] implemented an alternative decarboxylation strategy, combining glycolate oxidase, oxalate oxidase, and catalase (GOC strategy). They redirected native enzymes to the chloroplast that ordinarily localize to the peroxisome in rice. These enzymes catalyze the decarboxylation of glycolate with production of CO2. The plastid glycolate exporter was not silenced in this decarboxylation strategy; nevertheless, the biomass production bypassed native rice plants [11
\n].<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Likewise, some in vitro- and in vivo-tested carbon-concentrating cycles hold promise to increase plant biomass. We hypothesize a further increase in plant productivity if photorespiratory bypasses are integrated with carbon-concentrating cycles in plants.Bypassing Photorespiration: Glycolate Oxidation and Decarboxylation Strategies C3 plants such as wheat, rice, and soybean lose 30\u201350% of their photosynthetic conversion efficiency of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","nova_meta_subtitle":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5572,5571],"tags":[5842,12922],"supplier":[11310],"class_list":["post-70703","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bio-based","category-co2-based","tag-biomass","tag-carbon","supplier-cell-magazine"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70703","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70703"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70703\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70703"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70703"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70703"},{"taxonomy":"supplier","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/supplier?post=70703"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}