{"id":65657,"date":"2019-08-28T06:59:18","date_gmt":"2019-08-28T04:59:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rss.nova-institut.net\/public.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2FBiotechNow%2F%7E3%2FCj7VfwiBRrc%2Fgene-editing-can-help-agriculture-be-climate-friendly-heres-how"},"modified":"2019-08-27T16:13:37","modified_gmt":"2019-08-27T14:13:37","slug":"land-is-a-critical-resource-ipcc-report-says","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/land-is-a-critical-resource-ipcc-report-says\/","title":{"rendered":"Land is a Critical Resource, IPCC report says"},"content":{"rendered":"

Land is already under growing human pressure and climate change is adding to these pressures. At the same time, keeping global warming to well below 2\u00baC can be achieved only by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors including land and food, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) said in its latest report on Thursday.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The IPCC, the world body for assessing the state of scientific knowledge related to climate change, its impacts and potential future risks, and possible response options, saw the Summary for Policymakers of the Special Report on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL) approved by the\u00a0 world\u2019s governments on Wednesday in Geneva, Switzerland.<\/p>\n

It will be a key scientific input into forthcoming climate and environment negotiations, such as the Conference of the Parties of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (COP14) in New Delhi, India in September and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Conference (COP25) in Santiago, Chile, in December.<\/p>\n

\u201cGovernments challenged the IPCC to take the first ever comprehensive look at the whole land-climate system. We did this through many contributions from experts and governments worldwide. This is the first time in IPCC report history that a majority of authors \u2013 53% \u2013 are from developing countries,\u201d said Hoesung Lee, Chair of the IPCC.<\/p>\n

This report shows that better land management can contribute to tackling climate change, but is not the only solution. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors is essential if global warming is to be kept to well below 2\u00baC, if not 1.5oC.<\/p>\n

In 2015, governments backed the Paris Agreement goal of strengthening the global response to climate change by holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2\u00baC above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5\u00baC.<\/p>\n

Land must remain productive to maintain food security as the population increases and the negative impacts of climate change on vegetation increase. This means there are limits to the contribution of land to addressing climate change, for instance through the cultivation of energy crops and afforestation. It also takes time for trees and soils to store carbon effectively. Bioenergy needs to be carefully managed to avoid risks to food security, biodiversity and land degradation. Desirable outcomes will depend on locally appropriate policies and governance systems.<\/p>\n

Land is a critical resource<\/h3>\n

Climate Change and Land finds that the world is best placed to tackle climate change when there is an overall focus on sustainability.<\/p>\n

\u201cLand plays an important role in the climate system,\u201d said Jim Skea, Co-Chair of IPCC Working Group III.<\/p>\n

\u201cAgriculture, forestry and other types of land use account for 23% of human greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time natural land processes absorb carbon dioxide equivalent to almost a third of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels and industry,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

The report shows how managing land resources sustainably can help address climate change, said Hans-Otto P\u00f6rtner, Co-Chair of IPCC Working Group II.<\/p>\n

\u201cLand already in use could feed the world in a changing climate and provide biomass for renewable energy, but early, far-reaching action across several areas is required\u201d he said.\u00a0 \u201cAlso for the conservation and restoration of ecosystems and biodiversity.\u201d<\/p>\n

Desertification and land degradation<\/h3>\n

When land is degraded, it becomes less productive, restricting what can be grown and reducing the soil\u2019s ability to absorb carbon. This exacerbates climate change, while climate change in turn exacerbates land degradation in many different ways.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe choices we make about sustainable land management can help reduce and in some cases reverse these adverse impacts,\u201d said Kiyoto Tanabe, Co-Chair of the Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.<\/p>\n

\u201cIn a future with more intensive rainfall the risk of soil erosion on croplands increases, and sustainable land management is a way to protect communities from the detrimental impacts of this soil erosion and landslides. However there are limits to what can be done, so in other cases degradation might be irreversible,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Roughly 500 million people live in areas that experience desertification. Drylands and areas that experience desertification are also more vulnerable to climate change and extreme events including drought, heatwaves, and dust storms, with an increasing global population providing further pressure.<\/p>\n

The report sets out options to tackle land degradation, and prevent or adapt to further climate change. It also examines potential impacts from different levels of global warming.<\/p>\n

\u201cNew knowledge shows an increase in risks from dryland water scarcity, fire damage, permafrost degradation and food system instability, even for global warming of around 1.5\u00b0C,\u201d said Val\u00e9rie Masson-Delmotte, Co-Chair of IPCC Working Group I.<\/p>\n

\u201cVery high risks related to permafrost degradation and food system instability are identified at 2\u00b0C of global warming,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n

Food security<\/h3>\n

Coordinated action to address climate change can simultaneously improve land, food security and nutrition, and help to end hunger.\u00a0 The report highlights that climate change is affecting all four pillars of food security: availability (yield and production), access (prices and ability to obtain food), utilization (nutrition and cooking), and stability (disruptions to availability).<\/p>\n

\u201cFood security will be increasingly affected by future climate change through yield declines \u2013 especially in the tropics \u2013 increased prices, reduced nutrient quality, and supply chain disruptions,\u201d said Priyadarshi Shukla, Co-Chair of IPCC Working Group III.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe will see different effects in different countries, but there will be more drastic impacts on low-income countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

The report records that about one third of food produced is lost or wasted. Causes of food loss and waste differ substantially between developed and developing countries, as well as between regions. Reducing this loss and waste would reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve food security.<\/p>\n

\u201cSome dietary choices require more land and water, and cause more emissions of heat-trapping gases than others,\u201d said Debra Roberts, Co-Chair of IPCC Working Group II.<\/p>\n

\u201cBalanced diets\u00a0 featuring plant-based foods, such as coarse grains, legumes, fruits and vegetables, and animal-sourced food produced sustainably in low greenhouse gas emission systems, present major opportunities for adaptation to and limiting climate change,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n

The report finds that there are ways to manage risks and reduce vulnerabilities in land and the food system.<\/p>\n

Risk management can enhance communities\u2019 resilience to extreme events, which has an impact on food systems..\u00a0 This can be the result of dietary changes or ensuring a variety of crops to prevent further land degradation and increase resilience to extreme or varying weather.<\/p>\n

Reducing inequalities, improving incomes, and ensuring equitable access to food so that some regions (where land cannot provide adequate food) are not disadvantaged, are other ways to adapt to the negative effects of climate change.\u00a0 There are also methods to manage and share risks, some of which are already available, such as early warning systems.<\/p>\n

An overall focus on sustainability coupled with early action offers the best chances to tackle climate change. This would entail low population growth and reduced inequalities, improved nutrition and lower food waste.<\/p>\n

This could enable a more resilient food system and make more land available for bioenergy, while still protecting forests and natural ecosystems. However, without early action in these areas, more land would be required for bioenergy, leading to challenging decisions about future land-use and food security.<\/p>\n

\u201cPolicies that support sustainable land management, ensure the supply of food for vulnerable populations, and keep carbon in the ground while reducing greenhouse gas emissions are important,\u201d said Eduardo Calvo, Co-Chair of the Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.<\/p>\n

Land and climate change responses<\/h3>\n

Policies that are outside the land and energy domains, such as on transport and environment , can also make a critical difference to tackling climate change. Acting early is more cost-effective as it avoids losses.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere are things we are already doing. We are using technologies and good practices, but they do need to be scaled up and used in other suitable places that they are not being used in now,\u201d said Panmao Zhai, Co-Chair of IPCC Working Group I.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere is real potential here through more sustainable land use, reducing over-consumption and waste of food, eliminating the clearing and burning of forests, preventing over-harvesting of fuelwood, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, thus helping to address land related climate change issues,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

About the Report<\/h3>\n

The report\u2019s full name is Climate Change and Land, an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems.<\/p>\n

It is one of three special reports that the IPCC is preparing during the current Sixth Assessment Report cycle.<\/p>\n

The report was prepared under the scientific leadership of all three IPCC Working Groups in cooperation with the Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and supported by the Working Group III Technical Support Unit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Land is already under growing human pressure and climate change is adding to these pressures. At the same time, keeping global warming to well below 2\u00baC can be achieved only by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors including land and food, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) said in its latest report on […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","nova_meta_subtitle":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5572],"tags":[12426,15211,15310],"supplier":[3345],"class_list":["post-65657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bio-based","tag-climatechange","tag-enviornment","tag-greenhousegas","supplier-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change-ipcc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65657","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65657"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65657\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65657"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65657"},{"taxonomy":"supplier","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/supplier?post=65657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}