There\u2019s a good chance you\u2019ve touched something made out of the polyolefin polymer today. It\u2019s often used in polyethylene products like plastic bags or polypropylene products like diapers.<\/p>\n
As useful as polyolefins are in society, they continue to multiply as trash in the environment. Scientists estimate plastic bags, for example, will take centuries to degrade.<\/p>\n
But now, researchers at Virginia Tech have synthesized a biodegradable alternative to polyolefins using a new catalyst and the polyester polymer, and this breakthrough could eventually have a profound impact on sustainability efforts.<\/p>\n
Rong Tong, assistant professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering and affiliated faculty member of Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), led the team of researchers, whose findings were recently published in the journal Nature Communications.<\/p>\n
One of the largest challenges in polymer chemistry is controlling the tacticity or the stereochemistry of the polymer. When multiplying monomer subunits into the macromolecular chain, it\u2019s difficult for scientists to replicate a consistent arrangement of side-chain functional groups stemming off the main polymer chain. These side-chain functional groups greatly affect a polymer\u2019s physical and chemical properties, such as melting temperature or glass-transition temperature, and regular stereochemistry leads to better properties.<\/p>\n
Tong said his group has now found a way to create regular stereochemistry with polyesters.<\/p>\n
\u201cThere\u2019s no method available to do this kind of chemistry,\u201d Tong said. \u201cPeople have done similar work with polylactide before, but we\u2019ve fundamentally shown that if we control the stereochemistry, the polyesters will have improved physical and chemical properties.\u201d<\/p>\n
Tong and his postdoc, Quanyou Feng, combined a new photoredox Ni\/Ir catalyst \u2014 a surprisingly simple chemical process that uses a household light bulb to start the reaction \u2014 with a stereoselective Zn catalyst to initiate the ring-opening polymerization of the O-carboxyanhydride monomer to create these improved polyesters. The monomers can be conveniently polymerized within just a few hours with trace amounts of catalysts. The resulting material has a high molecular weight, thermal stability and crystallinity, and can degrade in basic water solution.<\/p>\n
\u201cIf you use a regular catalyst, it doesn\u2019t have stereochemistry control, but we found that our catalyst can do that,\u201d Tong said. \u201cIn our paper, we demonstrate how to design such stereoselective catalysts and how they help with stereochemistry control.\u201d<\/p>\n
O-carboxyanhydrides are made out of amino acids, which are natural organic compounds, so these polyesters would degrade, unlike the current nondegradable polyolefins. In addition, O-carboxyanhydrides can bring different functional groups to the polyester and diversify the polymer\u2019s application. Currently, the FDA has only approved a few polyesters for biomedical application.<\/p>\n
After finalizing the synthesis, Tong then worked with Guoliang \u201cGreg\u201d Liu, an assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry and fellow affiliated faculty member with MII, to show that the new polymers had improved properties.<\/p>\n
\u201cDr. Tong\u2019s lab has outstanding catalyst design and polymerization techniques, and we have excellent characterization and processing skillsets, so it\u2019s natural for us to work together,\u201d Liu said. \u201cControlling and proving tacticity is not a trivial process. Using differential scanning calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance, we provide strong evidence for the structure and properties that we\u2019re going for.\u201d<\/p>\n
Developing these polyesters into applications is still down the line, but Liu said for now this is a significant advancement for materials research.<\/p>\n
\u201cThis polyester synthesis that controls the tacticity can provide a new library of polymer materials that we haven\u2019t had before,\u201d Liu said.<\/p>\n
This piece of innovative chemistry has Tong and Liu excited for a future that degradable and green plastics can be produced to replace today\u2019s petroleum plastics that persist in landfills and oceans for decades or centuries.<\/p>\n
Tong mentioned that this new polymer synthesis technology has been demonstrated only at the academic lab scale. There is still much work to be done to characterize these functional materials and perfect the patent-pending synthesis scale-up process.<\/p>\n
\u201cIt would be our dream to see these degradable polyesters materialize in the marketplace, for both the plastic industry and biomedical application,\u201d Tong said.<\/p>\n
Tong\u2019s team also include Yongliang Zhong, a chemical engineering Ph.D. student; Dong Guo, a chemistry student working in Liu\u2019s lab; and the collaborator Linghai Xie, a professor at Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications in China, who helped on the computation studies to elucidate the catalyst stereoselectivity mechanism.<\/p>\n
The research was supported by grants from the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund and start-up funding for Tong from Virginia Tech.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
There\u2019s a good chance you\u2019ve touched something made out of the polyolefin polymer today. It\u2019s often used in polyethylene products like plastic bags or polypropylene products like diapers. As useful as polyolefins are in society, they continue to multiply as trash in the environment. Scientists estimate plastic bags, for example, will take centuries to degrade. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","nova_meta_subtitle":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5572],"tags":[14315,12564,12593],"supplier":[2713,656],"class_list":["post-53377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bio-based","tag-biomedical","tag-chemistry","tag-polymer","supplier-us-food-and-drug-administration-fda","supplier-virginia-tech"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53377","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53377"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53377\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53377"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53377"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53377"},{"taxonomy":"supplier","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/supplier?post=53377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}