{"id":177601,"date":"2026-06-08T07:20:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-08T05:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/?p=177601"},"modified":"2026-06-03T17:42:35","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T15:42:35","slug":"emerging-and-promising-applications-which-lead-to-reducing-co%e2%82%82-emissions-driven-in-part-by-the-locations-of-production-plants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/emerging-and-promising-applications-which-lead-to-reducing-co%e2%82%82-emissions-driven-in-part-by-the-locations-of-production-plants\/","title":{"rendered":"Emerging and promising applications which lead to reducing CO\u2082  emissions \u2013 driven in part by the locations of production plants"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"545\" src=\"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2026\/06\/Bildschirmfoto-2026-06-03-um-17.20.22-1024x545.png\" alt=\"Diagram of sCO2 in power plant generation.\" class=\"wp-image-177603\" style=\"width:760px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2026\/06\/Bildschirmfoto-2026-06-03-um-17.20.22-1024x545.png 1024w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2026\/06\/Bildschirmfoto-2026-06-03-um-17.20.22-300x160.png 300w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2026\/06\/Bildschirmfoto-2026-06-03-um-17.20.22-150x80.png 150w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2026\/06\/Bildschirmfoto-2026-06-03-um-17.20.22-768x409.png 768w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2026\/06\/Bildschirmfoto-2026-06-03-um-17.20.22-1536x818.png 1536w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2026\/06\/Bildschirmfoto-2026-06-03-um-17.20.22-2048x1091.png 2048w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2026\/06\/Bildschirmfoto-2026-06-03-um-17.20.22-400x213.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Diagram of sCO2 in power plant generation. \u00a9 Advanced Cryogenics<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Background<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Despite recent announcements whereby the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) no longer considers CO<sub>2<\/sub> a hazardous gas, the end result from this will be devastating to the environment, our economy, and our lives. There still remains a greater push to use to use CO<sub>2<\/sub> in more innovative industrial applications such as tomorrow\u2019s plastics \u2014 thus replacing hydrocarbons. The environmental harm from unmitigated climate change will not be missed, despite disappearing regulatory oversight on the part of the U.S. Here and abroad, many efforts are underway to help reduce carbon emissions and help our planet. The opportunities to harness CO<sub>2<\/sub> emissions remain.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"964\" height=\"536\" src=\"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2026\/06\/Bildschirmfoto-2026-06-03-um-17.21.49.png\" alt=\"Bio-based plastics are made from a wide range of renewable bio-based feedstocks.\" class=\"wp-image-177604\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2026\/06\/Bildschirmfoto-2026-06-03-um-17.21.49.png 964w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2026\/06\/Bildschirmfoto-2026-06-03-um-17.21.49-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2026\/06\/Bildschirmfoto-2026-06-03-um-17.21.49-150x83.png 150w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2026\/06\/Bildschirmfoto-2026-06-03-um-17.21.49-768x427.png 768w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2026\/06\/Bildschirmfoto-2026-06-03-um-17.21.49-400x222.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 964px) 100vw, 964px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Bio-based plastics are made from a wide range of renewable bio-based feedstocks. \u00a9 European Bioplastics<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The CO\u2082  industry expands organically, I\u2019d say about 3% annually, in some markets. The best way to grow more rapidly in the industry is via the development and implementation of new and unique applications in a wide variety of markets. CO\u2082  applications, of a traditional nature, are tried and true, such as the many uses in food processing, beverage carbonation, and a range of industrial uses (e.g., welding, water treatment, lasers, and medical applications). On the other hand, new and \u201cgreen\u201d CO\u2082  applications will help sustain the industry \u2014 most of which are of an industrial nature. Established food and beverage applications typically account for 70% of all tonnage consumed in the merchant sector. There are also the demands of a captive and sequestration nature, which in my view, are generally categorized outside of the merchant markets, such as large EOR (enhanced oil recovery) usage. There are many conceptual ideas for the application of CO\u2082  in industry, many of which have a green take, a form of sequestering CO\u2082  molecules in everyday products. There are other applications which are relatively new to the industry and are being applied and expanded in the markets, such as concrete dosing, which I will describe in further detail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the interest of reversing climate change and cleaning up the environment, more applications are being developed all the time, many of which have been initially developed in academia and have not been scaled up or commercialized. Some of the technologies outlined in this article will have to rely on subsidies in order to make them economically viable, at least for the short term. Of the many technologies which claim to produce fuels, chemicals, and plastics, or recover flue gases cheaply, the longer-term, viable commercial results will speak for themselves. The newest ones will eventually be commercialized and make their place in the CO\u2082  and sequestration industries, while others will not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The applications<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There have been a number of emerging technologies which rely on CO\u2082  in the production of various plastic and building materials, some of which could replace hydrocarbons in plastics, which is a truly green usage. To go further on this subject, the ultimate goal of successfully using CO\u2082  from flue gas to produce useful products \u2014 along with sequestration \u2014 would represent a double achievement . The problem has always been the very high cost of recovery, and then creating a viable CO\u2082  product that will meet required standards and specifications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some (or all) of the concepts below could eventually yield true breakthroughs when scaled up:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Carbon nanotubes and fibers<\/strong>, via molten electrolysis. Such materials are used in carbon composites, which are lightweight alternatives to metal, used in a variety of products such as bicycles, one of which I have \u2014 it is very light and rigid. Other products might be airplanes, boat hulls, and turbine wind blades. The applications are endless. Ideally, sources for the raw CO\u2082  could be flue gas from a power plant, or other such stream, like a cement kiln.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Concrete dosing<\/strong> with sequestered CO\u2082  helps strengthen the concrete by increasing the calcium carbonate content. This relatively new application is now being used industrially and is gaining in acceptance. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bioplastics<\/strong> begin as nanoparticles for use in next-generation plastics and building materials such as coatings and concrete. In some cases, bioplastics \u2014 made from renewable biomass (e.g., sawdust, rice hulls, etc.) and\/or are biodegradable \u2014 have been developed in universities and then spun out for commercialization. As an example, one such startup combines CO\u2082  with by-product waste materials from coal and coke combustion using fly ash. Another uses flue gas as a CO2 feedstock while microbes, along with hydrogen and oxygen, yield the desired biopolymer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Organic chemicals<\/strong>. Methanol, a solvent that has long been produced by industrial distillation, is now being artificially photosynthesized cleanly using a copper-based catalyst, captured CO\u2082 , and hydrogen. The developing technologies for biomass-based ethylene glycol production also depend on recovered CO\u2082  in its green process.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS), using CO\u2082  as a working fluid. Supercritical CO\u2082  could be utilized in these systems as a circulating heat exchange fluid. Using the density difference between cold CO\u2082  flowing down the injection wells and the hot CO\u2082  traveling up these wells would eliminate the need for a circulating pump. Further, CO2 could be used as a working fluid in supercritical power cycles. This application works well with compact turbo machinery.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Polymers<\/strong>, where CO\u2082  could be used as a feedstock via transformation of CO\u2082  into polycarbonates, polyesters, etc., using proprietary zinc catalysts. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Industrial fuels<\/strong>, created through the transformation of CO\u2082  from power plant flue gas, are under development. Renewable electricity is used to reduce CO\u2082  to CO, a key product used in various industrial processes. The CO\u2082  is fed into catalytic reactors which chemically transform CO\u2082  into fuels and chemicals, emitting only oxygen.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cold liquids.<\/strong> Almost nobody is excited about the extra environmental burdens our planet is experiencing with the exponential expansion of data centers, both in the U.S. and abroad. Heat, power, and water resources will be stretched to meet demands. The potential for CO\u2082  as a cooling agent is possible within the data centers, as would be other cold liquids. Even more important would be the potential, and proven technology, of utilizing \u201csupercritical CO\u2082\u201d (sCO<sub>2<\/sub>). At a specific temperature, sCO<sub>2<\/sub> behaves like a gas but has the density of a liquid. It is used to replace cooling water completely \u2014 and is more efficient in turning turbines for the generation of power. Both are big wins, and something special in an era where preserving resources are critical.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CO\u2082  Sources \u2013 Traditional and what is being developed and could be available<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Developed and could be available<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In the U.S., the Summit Energy CO\u2082  pipeline has not been given up on yet. Considered to be one of the largest carbon capture projects on the planet, it is slated to receive CO\u2082  from about 50 ethanol plants in the Midwest and piped to a location in North Dakota (about 2,000 miles away) for sequestration. There have been complaints by landowners and local government officials who simply do not want this pipeline under their land. If it does not become a reality, many ethanol plants will either continue to vent their CO\u2082  byproduct stream into the atmosphere or try to monetize via the markets or sequestration-based credits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With the exception of the above-mentioned CO\u2082  sources \u2014 which are excellent for the merchant trade \u2014 what remains as newly available sources in the U.S. have largely been limited to biogas sources. Numerous such projects are working with various destinations for their product. However, these sources are usually smaller in size versus most ethanol sources (50MM or 100MM GPY) in ethanol production capacity \u2014 this can represent from 400\u20131,000 TPD of CO\u2082  (in the ethanol by-product world) versus 50\u2013200 TPD of available CO\u2082  (in the biogas world). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The problem for CO\u2082  sourcing is their locations. Most of the available ethanol plants are in the heart of the Midwest, which is essentially supersaturated with such plants, whereas biogas sources appear in places where CO2 streams are more strategically located. The cost of freight to customers and depots is expensive, sometimesexceeding the cost of a viable liquid product. So, in the end, being local, or at least closer to a production site is the most sought after scenario of the gas companies and consumers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The ultimate challenge in CO\u2082  utilization is to move industrial applications from the lab to successful pilot projects in the field, and then scaled up to make them economically feasible. As with all other developments, industries, and processes, such applications need to be competitive as standalone, scaled-up technologies or subsidized until profitability has been attained. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I often think of the most current, proven technologies which have been used successfully, albeit expensively, to recover CO\u2082  from flue gas. The agent of choice over the years has been MEA (monoethanolamine) or a similar amine solvent. In the front end of most commercialized plants, such as those that were once run by U.S. companies like the AES Corporation, operated flue gas recovery operations from coal-fired cogeneration facilities for decades. They were developed under now defunct energy laws which used the cogenerated steam as a thermal host in the MEA process. This subsidy essentially included the capital cost of the expensive CO\u2082  recovery plant in the cost of the power plant, thus considering the cost of CO\u2082  production to only be that of utilities, labor, and maintenance. With today\u2019s 45Q\/IRA tax credits, a significant number of companies are looking to recover CO\u2082  more cheaply and\/or apply the CO\u2082  in useful products. This is a form of subsidy that would provide a performance-based tax credit to power plants and industrial facilities capturing and storing CO\u2082  that otherwise would have been emitted to the atmosphere. The credit is linked to the installation and use of CO\u2082  recovery equipment on industrial sources, such as gas or coal power plants, or facilities directly removing CO\u2082  from the atmosphere. The recovered CO\u2082  is then applied in producing construction materials, biofuels, EOR, and sequestration via class VI wells, for example. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The value of the credit depends upon the type of CO\u2082  storage resulting from the process. Eligibility for industrial facilities begins with 100,000 metric TPY, including ethanol and fertilizer production. The value of the credits range from $85 to $180\/metric ton, depending upon destination, permanent storage, or utilization; and the term of such credits would be 12 years, where projects must begin by 2032. Of course, there is much more than EOR, as related to technologies and products these developers hope to commercialize, such as fuels, plastics, chemicals for industry, and algae, for example. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are many takes on technology and the desired products that can be produced should the technologies actually be scaled up successfully. Often, initial cost estimates to achieve such ends fall short. Possible subsidies, such as 45Q\/IRA, could be a means of making such advances work, at least for a period of time, until additional advances occur or improvements in such technologies take place. Long term, I believe some of these technologies will be scaled up successfully. The earth is our home, and there is no replacement. Therefore, a reduction in carbon emissions is key, through the sequestration of CO\u2082 , to producing useful products for everyday life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About the author<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sam A. Rushing is the president of Advanced Cryogenics, Ltd., and a chemist with massive consulting and merchant CO\u2082  industry experience. The company focuses on CO\u2082 -based consulting work, cryogenic gas proficiency, and providing equipment to the industry. When you have the need for CO\u2082  subject matter expertise, please contact Sam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Phone: 305-852-2597; Email:\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:rushing@terranova.net\">rushing@terranova.net<\/a>; Website:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.co2consultant.com\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"www.co2consultant.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">www.co2consultant.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Background Despite recent announcements whereby the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) no longer considers CO2 a hazardous gas, the end result from this will be devastating to the environment, our economy, and our lives. There still remains a greater push to use to use CO2 in more innovative industrial applications such as tomorrow\u2019s plastics \u2014 [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":114,"featured_media":177603,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","nova_meta_subtitle":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5572,5571],"tags":[5838,5847,10744,10416,10408,10743],"supplier":[7622,16577,435,2317,5585,1214],"class_list":["post-177601","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bio-based","category-co2-based","tag-bioeconomy","tag-bioplastics","tag-carboncapture","tag-circulareconomy","tag-greenchemistry","tag-useco2","supplier-advanced-cryogenics-ltd","supplier-aes-corporation","supplier-european-bioplastics-ev","supplier-european-commission","supplier-european-union","supplier-united-states-environmental-protection-agency-epa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/177601","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/114"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=177601"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/177601\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":177605,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/177601\/revisions\/177605"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/177603"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=177601"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=177601"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=177601"},{"taxonomy":"supplier","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/supplier?post=177601"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}