{"id":150338,"date":"2024-09-12T07:37:00","date_gmt":"2024-09-12T05:37:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/?p=150338"},"modified":"2024-09-08T18:04:30","modified_gmt":"2024-09-08T16:04:30","slug":"new-process-vaporizes-plastic-bags-and-bottles-yielding-gases-to-make-new-recycled-plastics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/new-process-vaporizes-plastic-bags-and-bottles-yielding-gases-to-make-new-recycled-plastics\/","title":{"rendered":"New Process Vaporizes Plastic Bags and Bottles, Yielding Gases to Make New, Recycled Plastics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2024\/09\/IMG_1930-crop-1536x878-1-1024x585.jpg\" alt=\" Graduate student RJ Conk adjusts a reaction chamber in which mixed plastics are degraded into the reusable building blocks of new polymers.\n\" class=\"wp-image-150350\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.7504273504273504;width:780px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2024\/09\/IMG_1930-crop-1536x878-1-1024x585.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2024\/09\/IMG_1930-crop-1536x878-1-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2024\/09\/IMG_1930-crop-1536x878-1-150x86.jpg 150w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2024\/09\/IMG_1930-crop-1536x878-1-768x439.jpg 768w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2024\/09\/IMG_1930-crop-1536x878-1-400x229.jpg 400w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2024\/09\/IMG_1930-crop-1536x878-1.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Graduate student RJ Conk adjusts a reaction chamber in which mixed plastics are degraded into the reusable building blocks of new polymers. \u00a9 Robert Sanders, UC Berkeley<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/news.berkeley.edu\/2024\/08\/29\/new-process-vaporizes-plastic-bags-and-bottles-yielding-gases-to-make-new-recycled-plastics\/&amp;sa=D&amp;source=docs&amp;ust=1724962200790608&amp;usg=AOvVaw0JQIUYICzwzZj75I2goxk-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Adapted from a release by Robert Sanders at UC Berkeley<\/em><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A new chemical process can essentially vaporize plastics that dominate the waste stream today and turn them into hydrocarbon building blocks for new plastics.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The catalytic process, developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California, Berkeley, works equally well with the two dominant types of post-consumer plastic waste: polyethylene, the component of most single-use plastic bags; and polypropylene, the stuff of hard plastics, from microwavable dishes to luggage. It also efficiently degrades a mix of these types of plastics.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The process, if scaled up, could help bring about a circular economy for many throwaway plastics, with the plastic waste converted back into the monomers used to make polymers, thereby reducing the fossil fuels used to make new plastics. Clear plastic water bottles made of polyethylene&nbsp;terephthalate&nbsp;(PET), a polyester, were designed in the 1980s to be recycled this way. But the volume of polyester plastics is minuscule compared to that of polyethylene and polypropylene plastics, referred to as polyolefins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cWe have an enormous amount of polyethylene and polypropylene in everyday objects, from lunch bags to laundry soap bottles to milk jugs \u2014 so much of what\u2019s around us is made of these polyolefins,\u201d said\u00a0<strong>John Hartwig, a senior faculty scientist in Berkeley Lab<\/strong>\u2019s Chemical Sciences Division and a UC Berkeley professor of chemistry who led the research. \u201cWhat we can now do, in principle, is take those objects and bring them back to the starting monomer by chemical reactions we\u2019ve devised that cleave the typically stable carbon-carbon bonds. By doing so, we\u2019ve come closer than anyone to give the same kind of circularity to polyethylene and polypropylene that you have for polyesters in water bottles.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"BorlabsCookie _brlbs-cb-youtube\"><div class=\"_brlbs-content-blocker\"> <div class=\"_brlbs-embed _brlbs-video-youtube\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_brlbs-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-content\/plugins\/borlabs-cookie\/assets\/images\/cb-no-thumbnail.png\" alt=\"YouTube\"> <div class=\"_brlbs-caption\"> <p>By loading the video, you agree to YouTube&#8217;s privacy policy.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/policies.google.com\/privacy?hl=en&amp;gl=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Learn more<\/a><\/p> <p><a class=\"_brlbs-btn _brlbs-icon-play-white\" href=\"#\" data-borlabs-cookie-unblock role=\"button\">Load video<\/a><\/p> <p><label><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"unblockAll\" value=\"1\" checked> <small>Always unblock YouTube<\/small><\/label><\/p> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div><div class=\"borlabs-hide\" data-borlabs-cookie-type=\"content-blocker\" data-borlabs-cookie-id=\"youtube\"><script type=\"text\/template\">PGlmcmFtZSB0aXRsZT0iUGxhc3RpY3MgdG8gQnVpbGRpbmcgQmxvY2tzIiB3aWR0aD0iNTAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjI4MSIgc3JjPSJodHRwczovL3d3dy55b3V0dWJlLW5vY29va2llLmNvbS9lbWJlZC96Mzl2Nmw2bmVHbz9mZWF0dXJlPW9lbWJlZCIgZnJhbWVib3JkZXI9IjAiIGFsbG93PSJhY2NlbGVyb21ldGVyOyBhdXRvcGxheTsgY2xpcGJvYXJkLXdyaXRlOyBlbmNyeXB0ZWQtbWVkaWE7IGd5cm9zY29wZTsgcGljdHVyZS1pbi1waWN0dXJlOyB3ZWItc2hhcmUiIHJlZmVycmVycG9saWN5PSJzdHJpY3Qtb3JpZ2luLXdoZW4tY3Jvc3Mtb3JpZ2luIiBhbGxvd2Z1bGxzY3JlZW4+PC9pZnJhbWU+<\/script><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Hartwig, graduate student Richard J. \u201cRJ\u201d Conk, chemical engineer&nbsp;Alexis Bell, who is a senior faculty scientist in Berkeley Lab\u2019s Chemical Sciences Division and a UC Berkeley professor of the graduate school, and their colleagues&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.adq7316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">published<\/a>&nbsp;the details of the catalytic process in the journal&nbsp;<em>Science<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A circular economy for plastics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Polyethylene and polypropylene plastics constitute about two-thirds of post-consumer plastic waste worldwide. About 80% ends up in landfills, is incinerated or simply tossed into the streets, often ending up as microplastics in streams and the ocean. The rest is recycled as low-value plastic, becoming decking materials, flowerpots and sporks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To reduce this waste, researchers have been looking for ways to turn the plastics into something more valuable, such as the monomers that are polymerized to produce new plastics. This would create a circular polymer economy for plastics, reducing the need to make new plastics from petroleum, which generates greenhouse gases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two years ago, Hartwig and his team came up with a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/newscenter.lbl.gov\/2022\/09\/30\/recycling-plastic-one-carbon-at-a-time\/\">process<\/a>\u00a0for breaking down polyethylene plastic bags into the monomer propylene \u2014 also called propene \u2014 that could then be reused to make polypropylene plastics. This chemical process employed three different bespoke heavy metal catalysts: one to add a carbon-carbon double bond to the polyethylene polymer and the other two to break the chain at this double bond and repeatedly snip off a carbon atom and, with ethylene, make propylene (C3H6) molecules until the polymer disappeared. But the catalysts were dissolved in the liquid reaction and short-lived, making it hard to recover them in an active form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"702\" src=\"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2024\/09\/Newscenter_1190px_IMG_1936-1024x702.jpg\" alt=\"Chemists John Hartwig and RJ Conk discuss the experimental apparatus that reduces plastics to their monomer precursors, which can then be used to make new plastics.\n\" class=\"wp-image-150348\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.4583333333333333;width:735px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2024\/09\/Newscenter_1190px_IMG_1936-1024x702.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2024\/09\/Newscenter_1190px_IMG_1936-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2024\/09\/Newscenter_1190px_IMG_1936-150x103.jpg 150w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2024\/09\/Newscenter_1190px_IMG_1936-768x527.jpg 768w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2024\/09\/Newscenter_1190px_IMG_1936-394x270.jpg 394w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2024\/09\/Newscenter_1190px_IMG_1936.jpg 1190w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Chemists John Hartwig and RJ Conk discuss the experimental apparatus that reduces plastics to their monomer precursors, which can then be used to make new plastics. \u00a9 Robert Sanders, UC Berkeley<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In the new process, the expensive, soluble metal catalysts have been replaced by cheaper solid ones commonly used in the chemical industry for continuous flow processes that reuse the catalyst. Continuous flow processes can be scaled up to handle large volumes of material.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Conk first experimented with these catalysts after consulting with Bell, an expert on heterogeneous catalysts.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Synthesizing a catalyst of sodium on alumina, Conk found that it efficiently broke or cracked various kinds of polyolefin polymer chains, leaving one of the two pieces with a reactive carbon-carbon double bond at the end. A second catalyst, tungsten oxide on silica, added the carbon atom at the end of the chain to ethylene gas, which is constantly streamed through the reaction chamber to form a propylene molecule. The latter process, called olefin metathesis, leaves behind a double bond that the catalyst can access again and again until the entire chain has been converted to propylene.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The same reaction occurs with polypropylene to form a combination of propene and a hydrocarbon called isobutylene. Isobutylene is used in the chemical industry to make polymers for products ranging from footballs to cosmetics and to make high-octane gasoline additives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Surprisingly, the tungsten catalyst was even more effective than the sodium catalyst in breaking polypropylene chains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cYou\u00a0can\u2019t get much cheaper than sodium,\u201d <strong>Hartwig<\/strong> said. \u201cAnd tungsten is an earth-abundant metal used in the chemical industry in large scale, as opposed to our ruthenium metal catalysts that were more sensitive and more expensive. This combination of tungsten oxide on silica and sodium on alumina is like taking two different types of dirt and having them together disassemble the whole polymer chain into even higher yields of propene from ethylene and a combination of propene and isobutylene from polypropylene than we did with those more complex, expensive catalysts.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Like a string of pearls<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>One key advantage of the new catalysts is that they avoid the need to remove hydrogen to form a breakable carbon-carbon double bond in the polymer, which was a feature of the researchers\u2019 earlier process to deconstruct polyethylene. Such double bonds are an Achilles heel of a polymer, in the same way that the reactive carbon-oxygen bonds in polyester or PET make the plastic easier to recycle. Polyethylene and polypropylene don\u2019t have this Achilles heel \u2014 their long chains of single carbon bonds are very strong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"652\" src=\"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2024\/09\/PEandPPwaste-1024x652-1.jpg\" alt=\"Examples of the types of plastics the new process can handle. Left to right, a jug made of high density polyethylene, a test tube of polypropylene and a low density polyethylene bread bag. The numbers below each image are the percentage yield of monomers that can be used to make new plastic polymers.\n\" class=\"wp-image-150349\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5705521472392638;width:761px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2024\/09\/PEandPPwaste-1024x652-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2024\/09\/PEandPPwaste-1024x652-1-300x191.jpg 300w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2024\/09\/PEandPPwaste-1024x652-1-150x96.jpg 150w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2024\/09\/PEandPPwaste-1024x652-1-768x489.jpg 768w, https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/media\/2024\/09\/PEandPPwaste-1024x652-1-400x255.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Examples of the types of plastics the new process can handle. Left to right, a jug made of high density polyethylene, a test tube of polypropylene and a low density polyethylene bread bag. The numbers below each image are the percentage yield of monomers that can be used to make new plastic polymers. \u00a9 John Hartwig and RJ Conk, UC Berkeley<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cThink of the polyolefin polymer like a string of pearls,\u201d<strong> Hartwig<\/strong> said. \u201cThe locks at the end prevent them from falling out. But if you clip the string in the middle, now you can remove one pearl at a time.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>The two catalysts together turned a nearly equal mixture of polyethylene and polypropylene into propylene and isobutylene \u2014 both gases at room temperature \u2014 with an efficiency of nearly 90%. For polyethylene or polypropylene alone, the yield was even higher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Conk added plastic additives and different types of plastics to the reaction chamber to see how the catalytic reactions were affected by contaminants. Small amounts of these impurities barely affected the conversion efficiency, but small amounts of PET and polyvinyl chloride \u2014 PVC \u2014 significantly reduced the efficiency. This may not be a problem, however, because recycling methods already separate plastics by type.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hartwig noted that while many researchers are hoping to redesign plastics from the ground up to be easily reused, today\u2019s hard-to-recycle plastics will be a problem for decades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cOne can argue that we should do away with all polyethylene and polypropylene and use only new circular materials. But the world\u2019s not going to do that for decades and decades. Polyolefins are cheap, and they have good properties, so everybody uses them,\u201d <strong>Hartwig<\/strong> said. \u201cPeople say if we could figure out a way to make them circular, it would be a big deal, and that\u2019s what we\u2019ve done. One can begin to imagine a commercial plant that would do this.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Other co-authors of the paper are graduate students Jules Stahler, Jake Shi, Natalie Lefton and John Brunn of UC Berkeley and Ji Yang of Berkeley Lab. Shi is also affiliated with Berkeley Lab.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Parts of this work were performed at the Molecular Foundry, a DOE Office of Science user facility at Berkeley Lab.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The work was supported by the DOE Office of Science.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lbl.gov\/\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory<\/a>&nbsp;(Berkeley Lab) is committed to delivering solutions for humankind through research in clean energy, a healthy planet, and discovery science. Founded in 1931 on the belief that the biggest problems are best addressed by teams, Berkeley Lab and its scientists have been recognized with 16 Nobel Prizes. Researchers from around the world rely on the Lab\u2019s world-class scientific facilities for their own pioneering research. Berkeley Lab is a multiprogram national laboratory managed by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy\u2019s Office of Science.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>DOE\u2019s Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States, and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Adapted from a release by Robert Sanders at UC Berkeley A new chemical process can essentially vaporize plastics that dominate the waste stream today and turn them into hydrocarbon building blocks for new plastics. The catalytic process, developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California, Berkeley, works equally well with [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":59,"featured_media":150351,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","nova_meta_subtitle":"The catalytic process, discovered by researchers at Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley, efficiently reduces polymers to chemical precursors \u2014 possibly bringing a circular economy for plastics one step closer to reality","footnotes":""},"categories":[17143],"tags":[14120,12383,14462,24759,12805,15271],"supplier":[2440,22751],"class_list":["post-150338","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-recycling","tag-catalysis","tag-plasticbags","tag-plasticwaste","tag-plypropylene","tag-polyethylene","tag-singleuseplastics","supplier-lawrence-berkeley-national-laboratory","supplier-university-of-california-berkeley-uc-berkeley"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/150338","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/59"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=150338"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/150338\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/150351"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=150338"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=150338"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=150338"},{"taxonomy":"supplier","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/supplier?post=150338"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}