{"id":104646,"date":"2022-02-17T07:26:00","date_gmt":"2022-02-17T06:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/?p=104646"},"modified":"2022-02-11T12:56:04","modified_gmt":"2022-02-11T11:56:04","slug":"getting-hydrogen-out-of-banana-peels","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/getting-hydrogen-out-of-banana-peels\/","title":{"rendered":"Getting hydrogen out of banana peels"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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Scientists at EPFL have developed a way to maximize hydrogen yields from biowaste within a few milliseconds. The method uses rapid photo-pyrolysis to produce hydrogen gas and solid conductive carbon from banana peels.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the world\u2019s energy demands increase, so does our consumption of fossil fuels. The result is a massive rise in greenhouse gases emissions with severely adverse environmental effects. To address this, scientists have been searching for alternative, renewable sources of energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A main candidate is hydrogen produced from organic waste, or \u201cbiomass\u201d, of plants and animals. Biomass also absorbs, removes, and stores CO2 from the atmosphere, while biomass decomposition can also bring us ways to negative emissions or greenhouse gases removal. But even though biomass heralds a way forward, there is still the question of the best way to maximize its conversion into energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biomass gasification<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

There are currently two main methods for converting biomass into energy: gasification and pyrolysis. Gasification puts solid or liquid biomass at temperatures around 1000\u00b0C, converting it into gas and solid compounds; the gas is called \u201csyngas\u201d while the solid is \u201cbiochar\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syngas is a mix of hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and other hydrocarbons, and those are what are used as \u201cbiofuel\u201d to generate power. On the other hand, biochar is often regarded as a solid carbon waste, although it can be used in agriculture applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biomass pyrolysis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The other method, biomass pyrolysis, is similar to gasification except that biomass is heated at lower temperatures, between 400-800\u00b0C, and at pressures up to 5 bar in an inert atmosphere. There are three types of pyrolysis: conventional, fast, and flash pyrolysis. Out of all three, the first two take the longest time, and have the most char production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flash pyrolysis takes place at 600\u00b0C and produces the most syngas and has the lowest residence time. Unfortunately, it also needs specialized reactors that can handle high temperatures and pressures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banana split for hydrogen production<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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The xenon-lamp flash photo-pyrolysis method. Credit: EPFL<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Now, scientists led by Professor Hubert Girault at EPFL\u2019s School of Basic Sciences have developed a new method for biomass photo-pyrolysis that produces not only valuable syngas, but also a biochar of solid carbon that can be repurposed in other applications. The work is published in Chemical Science<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The method performs flash light pyrolysis using a Xenon lamp, commonly used for curing metallic inks for printed electronics. Girault\u2019s group has also used the system in the last few years for other purposes, like synthesizing nanoparticles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The lamp\u2019s white flash light provides a high-power energy source as well as short pulses that promote photo-thermal chemical reactions. The idea is to generate a powerful flash light shot, which the biomass absorbs and which instantaneously triggers a photothermal biomass conversion into syngas and biochar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This flashing technique was used on different sources of biomass: banana peels, corn cobs, orange peels, coffee beans and coconut shells, all of which were initially dried at 105\u00b0C for 24 hours and then ground and sieved to a thin powder. The powder was then placed in a stainless-steel reactor with a standard glass window at ambient pressure and under an inert atmosphere. The Xenon lamp flashes, and the whole conversion process is over in few milliseconds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEach kg of dried biomass can generate around 100 liters of hydrogen and 330g of biochar, which is up to 33wt.% of the original dried banana peel mass,\u201d says Bhawna Nagar<\/strong>, who worked on the study. The method also had a positive calculated energy outcome of 4.09 MJ\u00b7per kg of dried biomass.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

What stands out in this method is that both its end products, hydrogen and solid-carbon biochar, are valuable. The hydrogen can be used as green fuel, while the carbon biochar, can either be buried and used as a fertilizer or it can be used to manufacture conductive electrodes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe relevance of our work is further heightened by the fact that we are indirectly capturing CO2stores from the atmosphere for years,\u201d says Nagar<\/strong>. \u201cWe have converted that into useful end products in no time using a Xenon flash lamp.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Other contributors<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Institute of Systems Engineering, HES-SO Valais-Wallis<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finanzierung<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)<\/p>\n\n\n\n


References<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Wanderson O. Silva, Bhawna Nagar, Mathieu Soutrenon, Hubert H. Girault. Banana split: Biomass splitting with flash light irradiation. Chemical Science 25 January 2022. DOI: 10.1039\/d1sc06322g<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Scientists at EPFL have developed a way to maximize hydrogen yields from biowaste within a few milliseconds. The method uses rapid photo-pyrolysis to produce hydrogen gas and solid conductive carbon from banana peels. As the world\u2019s energy demands increase, so does our consumption of fossil fuels. The result is a massive rise in greenhouse gases […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":59,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","nova_meta_subtitle":"EPFL-researchers found a new method for biomass photo-pyrolysis that produces not only valuable syngas, but also a biochar of solid carbon that can be repurposed in other applications","footnotes":""},"categories":[5572],"tags":[5842,10416,10630,13461],"supplier":[335],"class_list":["post-104646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bio-based","tag-biomass","tag-circulareconomy","tag-hydrogen","tag-pyrolysis","supplier-ecole-polytechnique-fdrale-de-lausanne"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104646","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/59"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=104646"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104646\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=104646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=104646"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=104646"},{"taxonomy":"supplier","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renewable-carbon.eu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/supplier?post=104646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}